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The realization of the development of Islamic financial institutions, other than because there is a need in the community as well as enactment of the dual banking system in the national banking system. National banking system has put syariah as an alternative subsystem of the conventional subsystem, particularly in the service in both the to meet the needs (demand) and utilizing the excess funds (bids) in public funds.


As a system, the difference lies in the rules and principles of syariah that are used as the basis for their transactions. Easily the Islamic system is not known who took the basic transaction "estimate" or calculating "interest" (which generally becomes the basis for calculating the financial business - conventional savings and loans).


The concept of interest in Islamic teachings deemed to contain aspects (riba) is forbidden. Similarly prohibited to apply the treatment of transactions that are containing speculation and uncertainty.


Thus the Islamic concept of all applications related transactions or related and intersect with the components of "interest" be avoided, and instead in order to earn income through financial transactions, must be based on consensus agreement (contract), which generally relies on the concept of "profit sharing".


This concept has been widely promote the establishment of "equality" for all parties involved in the deal. For that deal that was built with the principle of mutual benefit (in proportion to risk) and the rational among those who perform the contract should be done based on rules that are permitted under the terms of the Quran and as Sunnah.


Way is considered to help avoid the exploitation by one party to another party. Similarly, the risk must be accepted as a condition, which need to be controlled together, but still must be accepted (should not be denied) entirely if it becomes evident that the risk occurs.


The impact, in Islamic transactions required an understanding of what was agreed, especially in any products available Islamic services.


Understanding of which should be directed to obtain the understanding and scope of the component, in the form of objectives, benefits, risks that may be encountered, as well as provisions that must be followed or met and monitored.


Various products syariah it is defined and regulated by the National Syariah Council through a number of his fatwa. Application must be supported by an understanding of both parties working together, and the results realized through the decisions contained in the "Islamic financial contract."


In its institutional, cooperative Islamic financial services are also rationally required to act carefully (prudent), because they assumed the trust management "of its members", through the implementation of various efforts memanaj business effectively.


Why should be, because they also will and may face the problem, as the impact of unfavorable environmental conditions. For that the managers of Cooperative Financial Services syariah or Islamic Financial Services Unit, need to be aware and to provide adequate and careful attention to the pattern of business management.
The pattern should be able to help them to be sensitive and at the same time can lead to the realization of the principle of prudence, it means that the pattern of management must be able to control and direct every actor in the Islamic financial services cooperative institution to act based on principles and procedures defined rules.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of its management pattern should also be done consistently, because they are very dependent on the correctness and "sensitivity" decisions and actions in exploiting the opportunities available and the covenants made.


Critical Factor Syariah
Based on these series of efforts the application of syariah rules in practice is a critical factor in the development of cooperatives and business financial services unit of syariah.


However, it must be admitted that the Islamic system approach in fact have the support application compatibility in the values ​​of togetherness and "responsibility" of members in cooperative principles.
For that pattern syariah comprehensive business management and ability to accommodate the rules and principles of syariah must be juxtaposed with the application of values ​​and principles of cooperation that characterizes the identity of cooperatives. It should be noted that the concept of syariah is applied as an alternative service system in the process of fulfilling the needs of fund and utilization of excess funds in the community.


Islamic business management pattern, because it is not only expected to apply the rules and principles of syariah, as expected, but also to motivate or encourage the implementation of the values ​​and principles of cooperatives in the operation of steps, actions and attitudes and behavior of members of cooperatives.
With the Islamic model, efforts to meet the financing needs of members and the management of surplus funds in the community is expected to be done consistently with the provisions of syariah, so that the managers nor the members who will perform the contract in accordance with the agreement of his choice is also expected to think in the context of syariah, if the expected steps can be consistent.


Thus, once the availability of coaches needed to help oversee and direct the application of the concept of syariah in Islamic financial services cooperative institutions, the different operations and procedures of the service with general institutions of Islamic banking.


What is similar and the principle of the rule, but its application is the provision and cooperative pattern that must be accepted as a characteristic. Mingkin functions and tasks of the National Council of Syariah and Syariah Supervisory Board will increase the complex in the presence of Islamic financial services cooperative institutions as well as Islamic financial services unit of this.


Another critical factor in the successful application of the principles of syariah is the transformation that occurred. For cooperative institutions or other financial institutions that have implemented syariah rules and principles, still requires various adjustments so that the application concept of syariah is not just simply take the system without applying the rules that underlie decision making processes.


An interesting example and a challenge, is to set margin ratio and which can provide income for the parties are bound by the contract. Is there any reference or comparison conditions to determine the ratio, in the sense of how much information until it is known by particular members. It can be study materials, because if one party does not have equivalent information breadth and depth, making the contract invalid.


Business Management Patterns
When it comes to course management should apply to all system applications, because the concept of management is to realize the concept of work efficiency in using resources and achieving effectiveness through others. However, its application is strongly influenced by the values ​​adopted and used by the group. That means that the rule of syariah, which contains the basic provisions of "profit sharing" as a means to earn income in the contract financing (loans, joint financing and purchase of goods) should give the dominant color in their business management processes. Colors that will affect the orientation of the vision and mission of the institution, which is certainly not to seek "profit" in a broad sense, so that should be sought form other advantages.


In that case the concept of syariah should be able to become more effective, considering the organization of cooperatives is also not intended for profit, the Institute is more intended (conceptually) to help develop the skills of its members, both in business and in meeting their consumption needs. Hence cooperative management worked to accommodate and direct as well as building capacity to meet the demands and will of rational service from its members. The burden of management is trustworthy members. Because of that cooperative management is also "not be" placed "contrary" to the members. They must become the motor and also spearheaded the group members in meeting their needs. For that apply democratic values ​​in a cooperative so that there is a sense of togetherness, solidarity and kinship.


So, if the references used in preparing the agreement (contract) to implement the syariah rules and principles, it should not not be too difficult. Management can color the patterns and process management applications based syariah things that had to be applied in the cooperative. Therefore, the formulation of various forms of rules, such as one vote for one member, or a meeting of the highest body (power, absolute) in a cooperative can be aligned with the application of Islamic rules and principles that govern how the agreement was done according to Islamic law.


As a system, the business activities of syariah has the goal of producing sufficient revenue for the group. In relation to financial business is done then the system is expected to support the realization of the dynamics of cooperative organization that is concerned in a comprehensive terlayaninya members. So, do not let the rules and principles of syariah is used merely to "sweetener" or follow the trend. Therefore, it must appear in the pattern of management, which should be oriented to the interests of "consensus" on the basis of syariah. In addition, all actors in the implementation of agency management, must also demonstrate adherence to any contract made, both in terms of fulfilling the interests of more internal and external to the party.


The pattern of management must show and actually upholds the value of "honesty" and "openness" in gaining revenue. No information should be enclosed between the parties that make a contract, and at once secured confidential between them. Matters referred to in the rule of syariah is defined as receiving "the noble values ​​that apply" in certain areas, so the form syariah can be more adaptive applications without having to leave the basic provisions. Thus the requirement to be fulfilled is that the essence of matter (substance) must be lawful, in addition to the procedures to obtain or manage them must also be kosher, and the use of the results should also be permitted to be met operationally.


To maintain the real value of course needed the coaching process, through education related to the explanation and application of rules and principles of syariah, for example by explaining the various products as well as provisions concerning products from the Islamic Syariah Council of the National Halal here have a sense it does not contain aspects that is forbidden according to Islamic law. Terms like that which in our opinion, become the main cornerstone of the National Islamic Council and Syariah Supervisory Board in performing its duties.


For that development patterns for the management of Islamic financial services cooperative institutions and cooperative units can be developed in stages by doing development in their respective management functions.
What's statement, both to establish his fatwa, or in the process of monitoring activities, with the intent to avoid irregularities. With these fatwas based on the foundation system, syariah model already can be categorized as a model which can follow the rules and regulations. Of course the changes will occur during the next development in progress, so the presence of the National syariah Board Fatwa or instructions and repair of the syariah Supervisory Board is expected to be realized just as quickly, in connection with the change that occurred recently in the business environment. Such conditions are expected to be explained to ordinary people, in order not to cause doubt, especially among Muslims about the image and achievements of Islamic financial institutions.


That is part of the critical factors associated with the process of implementation and development of Islamic rules in the application distribution and storage of public funds into small pieces.


By: Subroto Hadisoegondo
Experts Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs